1
Ph.D. student of mystical literature at Imam Khomeini International University, (Tariq.zakir@yahoo.com).
2
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature at Imam Khomeini International University.
3
Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature at Zanjan University.
Abstract
Astonishment occurs when human beings are affected by unknown and unexpected things. The astonishment of mystics arises from the sudden manifestations of the burden of transcendence. Hence, astonishment is considered as one important state of mystics. Mystics have made statements about astonishment and its features based on their mystical experiences, and Mavlana is no exception. Mavlana, like other mystics, divided astonishment into reprehensible (philosophical) and praiseworthy (knowledge-giving) in his works, especially Masnavi, which has an educational aspect. He considers the source of the mystics' astonishment as seemingly contradictory manifestations of transcendence, and believes that mystical astonishment leads to the knowledge of God. However, in some of Mavlana's sonnets, the real picture of the astonishing states resulted from pure mystical experiences is reflected in its natural form, and its study and analysis helps us understand Mavlana's inner states. The present study tries to reveal the causes, types, degree of severity as well as the manner of expressing the emotion of astonishment based on a descriptive-analytical methodology. The result of this study shows that Mavlana has used conventional expressions of language and rhetorical techniques to express astonishment; different types of music of poetry also play an important role in the illustration of wonder. In these sonnets, astonishment fluctuates from the lowest to the highest intensity. In addition, the content of some of Mavlana's sonnets is full of astonishment and seems to imply no emotion. But in a number of his sonnets, in addition to astonishment, other emotions such as love, ecstasy, joy, acceptance etc. have also been expressed. In some, astonishment prevails over other emotions, while in others, emotions have overcome astonishment, where astonishment is expressed in one or more verses as a second-degree and secondary emotion alongside other emotions.
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Zakir, T., Ghafelebashi, S. E., & Valiee, Q. (2022). The State of reflection of astonishment (Heyrat) in the sonnets(Ghazals) of Mavlana. Mystical Studies, 17(2), 143-174.
MLA
Zakir, T., Ghafelebashi, S. E., & Valiee, Q. "The State of reflection of astonishment (Heyrat) in the sonnets(Ghazals) of Mavlana", Mystical Studies, 17, 2, 2022, 143-174.
HARVARD
Zakir T., Ghafelebashi S. E., Valiee Q. (2022). 'The State of reflection of astonishment (Heyrat) in the sonnets(Ghazals) of Mavlana', Mystical Studies, 17(2), pp. 143-174.
CHICAGO
T. Zakir, S. E. Ghafelebashi & Q. Valiee, "The State of reflection of astonishment (Heyrat) in the sonnets(Ghazals) of Mavlana," Mystical Studies, 17 2 (2022): 143-174,
VANCOUVER
Zakir T., Ghafelebashi S. E., Valiee Q. The State of reflection of astonishment (Heyrat) in the sonnets(Ghazals) of Mavlana. Mystical Studies. 2022;17(2):143-174 (In Persian).