Document Type : Original Article

Authors

• mahsa kazempour
• Masroureh Mokhtari
• Asgar Salahi

Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Mohaghegh Ardabili University

Abstract

Islamic mysticism and Sufism is one of the important schools of history, which has been affected by various issues during its tumultuous period, which have caused its spread or decline. This research has analyzed the appearance of the mystics of the Mughal era with an analytical-descriptive method and using reliable library sources, emphasizing on Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony. According to Gramsci's belief, hegemony takes place without coercion by relying on persuasion and public consent. The result of the research shows that in the 7th century, when Iran faced the barbaric invasion of Mongols and Tatars, Sufism was dominated by cultural hegemony such as the words of the prophets and imams, the behavioral culture of the sheikhs, Respecting others, blaming the world, avoiding lust; Social hegemony such as the presence of people with the title of Sheikh, the positive words of elders about mystics, the preaching of disciples; Cultural hegemony such as attributing dignity to the sheikhs, fearing the actions of the sheikhs, the sheikh's belief in his own greatness and promoting it, the author's intellectual adaptation to the sheikh, belief in occult inspiration, belief in destiny; Political hegemony, such as the position of the king, The aspect of sanctity of Sufism and mysticism has gained strength and caused public persuasion and satisfaction. It can be explained, due to the strong emotional leadership in the minds of the people, in the 7th century, the hegemony of ideology is more tangible than when the hordes of Mongols were thought to be God's gift and will. The Mongol campaign caused people to turn more and more to Sufism and monasteries in this era and to heal their wounded souls with the ointment of Sufism.