Document Type : Original Article

Author

• fatemeh manavi

Abstract

The emergence of mysticism and Sufism in Iranian culture and consequently in Persian literature is one of the most important events that has occurred in the field of Iranian literature and culture; For this reason, the study of the causes of its emergence and prevalence has always been considered by literary scholars and historians; In such a way that each of the thinkers, from their ideological and scientific point of view, has looked at this category and studied it. Some literary critics believe that from the fifth century onwards, due to the onslaught of neighboring tribes and the frustration and despair caused by the passivity of the people, after the Mongol invasion, Sufism and mysticism became widespread in this land. The reasons for this spontaneous tendency of the people are justifiable given the psychological damage caused by the invasion of the eastern neighbors and the Mongol invasion, but the reason why the cultural current was not only not suppressed but encouraged and supported by the invading tribes. It should be considered in mystical ideas such as: cosmopolitanism, humanism, empathy instead of colloquialism, secularism, the idea of ​​predestination, consent, submission, patience and other such concepts that not only weaken their government and It did not threaten, but led to their peaceful acceptance despite the lack of cultural and national identity in Iranian society. To this end, the dominant rulers, in various ways, have spread mystical and pacifist mystical ideas in society, thereby preventing the divergence of the people of this land and providing the grounds for cultural and social assimilation in society, close to They ruled for 400 years. Accordingly, the author's purpose in this study was to investigate the interaction between mysticism and government in Persian poetic literature, citing evidence from prominent literary texts that have been studied in three sections, in historical order, and finally the frequency of thought. The subjects studied are shown graphically in each of the studied periods.

 

Keywords

• Keywords: Mysticism and Sufism
• Cosmopolitanism
• Replication
• Convergence
• Divergence