Mystical Studies

Epistemological and ethical limitations of artificial intelligence in the interpretation and generation of mystical content

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Theology and Ahlul Bayt (AS) Studies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Islamic Religions, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran.Full member of the Religions and Sects Association of Qom Seminary

3 Department of Theology, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University

Abstract

This research analytically examines the epistemological and ethical limitations of using artificial intelligence (AI) in interpreting and generating mystical content. Mysticism, rooted in inner experiences, intuition, and rational explanations, involves multilayered, symbolic, and argumentative concepts beyond AI's computational grasp. Despite impressive advancements, AI struggles with understanding intuition, lived experience, personal dimensions of mysticism, and the metaphorical language of texts. Furthermore, AI-generated mystical content risks distorting sacred concepts, amplifying biases, and exploiting religious sentiments. While AI can be a complementary tool for analyzing mystical texts, especially their logical components, its output can be inaccurate or harmful without human oversight and strict ethical guidelines. To illustrate these points, this study includes examples of AI interactions, showcasing its responses to initial and rigorous questioning, and proposes strategies for its responsible application.

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  • Receive Date: 27 January 2025
  • Revise Date: 09 June 2025
  • Accept Date: 03 July 2025
  • Publish Date: 08 September 2025