Document Type : Original Article

Authors

• parvin paykani ¹
• hasan soltani koohbanani ²

¹ PhD in Persian language and literature from Ilam University

² Persian language and literature from Ilam University. Ilam. Iran

Abstract

Abstract
The existence of multiple layers in mystical texts allows the critic to critique in a variety of ways. Archetypal criticism is one of the approaches that can be used to examine mystical topics. This approach has entered the literature from analytical psychology. This research discusses and analyzes the Mystics’ defense of Satan based on archetypal criticism. The results of this study show that defense and praise of the Satan by a group of Mystics is due to the praise of the wise old man in his negative aspect and the defense of the shadow in the positive aspect of this archetype. Satan was the teacher of the angles and his behavior in not prostrating in front of human is teaching monotheism to Mystics and the image of the wise old man. Also, the temptations of Satan and the problems that he creates for Mystics are a way to achieve psychological integrity and confront the great shadow of the psyche which acts as a barrier between the person and the true truth and only those who absorb and dissolve the shadow within themselves reach the true truth. Therefore, these two important functions of Satan have led to his praise by some Mystics.